TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDONESIA.



Classification of Traditional Medicine 
Traditional medicine is the ingredient or ingredients in the form of plant material, animal ingredients, mineral materials, sarian (galenic) or mixtures of these materials, which for generations has been used for treatment based on experience.
Natural medicine that exist in Indonesia can be categorized into three, namely herbs, standardized herbal medicine, and fitofarmaka.
    Jamu (Empirical based herbalmedicine)
    Traditional Herbal Medicine logo
    Traditional Herbal Medicine logo
    Jamu is a traditional medicine that traditionally provided, which contains the entire plant material into constituent herbal medicine, hygiene (contamination-free) and is used traditionally. Herbal medicine has been used for generations for decades if not centuries, In general, this type is made with reference to the ancestral recipe. Medicinal forms not need scientific proof to clinical, but with enough empirical evidence to generation.

  Standardized Herbal medicine (herbal medicine Scientificbased)     Standardized Herbal Medicine logo
    Standardized Herbal Medicine logo
    Is a traditional medicinal or penyarian served from extracts of natural products that may be of medicinal plants, animals, and minerals. To carry out this process requires more complex equipment and expensive, plus dengant enaga supportive work with the knowledge and skills of making extracts. In addition to the production process with advanced technology, this type has been supported by the scientific evidence in the form of studies of pre-clinical (animal tests) with mengikutis tandar efficacious ingredients, standardized manufacture of medicinal plant extracts, standard hygienic manufacture of traditional medicines, and toxicity testing akutmaupun chronic.
    Phytopharmaca (basedherbal Clinical Medicine)
    Logo Phytopharmaca
    Logo Phytopharmaca
    Phytopharmaca is the traditional medicine of natural materials that can be compared with modern medicine because the manufacturing process that has been standardized, supported by scientific evidence through clinical trials in humans with syarati lmiah meet the criteria, testing protocols that have been approved, the competent executive, meets ethical principles, where test execution qualify. With clinical trials will be to convince the medical profession to use herbal medicine in health care facilities. Communities could also be encouraged to use herbal medicine for its benefits are clear with scientific evidence.
Know the Medicinal Plant Family
Understanding TOGA
Toga is the abbreviation of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants is essentially a good piece of land in your backyard, garden or fields are used to grow plants that have medicinal properties in order to meet family needs for drugs. Garden of medicinal plants or medicinal materials and can then be distributed to the public, especially drugs derived from plants.
Utilization of Medicinal Plants
Since the creation of man on the earth’s surface, has been created from the natural surroundings as well since it is also human nature began to try to take advantage of the natural surroundings to meet the needs for life, including medicine needs to tackle health problems. The fact is that with the help of drugs of natural origin ingredients, people can overcome health problems that it faces. This suggests that drugs derived from natural sources especially plant material has demonstrated its role in the administration of public health efforts.
Utilization of TOGA is used for the treatment of medical disorders families according to common symptoms are:
    Fever
    Cough
    Stomach ache
    Itching
Types of Plants For TOGA
Types of plants that should be cultivated for medicinal plants are the types of plants that meet the following criteria:
    Plant species mentioned in the book use of medicinal plants.
    Type of plant commonly used as a drug settlement areas.
    Types of plants that can grow and live well in a residential area.
    Types of plants that can be used for other purposes such as: fruits and spices
    Endangered plant species
    Wild plant species
    Species of medicinal plants mentioned in the book is the use of crop plants that are commonly grown in home gardens or grown in residential areas.
Function Toga
Toga is one of the functions as a means to bring herbs to public health efforts that include the following:
    Preventive efforts (prevention)
    Promotive (meniungkatkan health status)
    Curative (healing)
In addition to the above there is also a function of other functions, namely:
    Means of improving the nutritional status of the people, because a lot of medicinal plants known as the crops of fruits or vegetables such as radishes, celery, papaya and others.
    Means for nature conservation.
    When making natural medicinal plants is not followed by re-cultivation efforts, the source of the natural ingredients, especially the herbs will become extinct.
    Means of spreading the green movement.
    To green hills that are currently experiencing deforestation, can be recommended dissemination of planting medicinal plants shaped as trees pahon tamarind tree, Kedaung trees, tree trengguli and others.
    Means for pemertaan income.
    Toga in addition serves as a means to provide for the family medicine can also serve as a source of income for the family.
    Means beauty.
With the Toga and when in order properly then this will result in the beauty for the person / people who are nearby. Required to produce beauty care for trees being planted mainly planted in the yard.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF PLANT MEDICINES
In the use of medicinal plants, there are a few things to consider so that treatment outcomes maxima. Read through all the instructions about medication timbuhan below.
    A. TIME COLLECTION
    In order to get the best ingredients from medicinal plants, keep in mind the time-the time of collection or harvesting nutritious ingredients.
    The following guidelines when collecting materials in general medicine.
        Leaves of flowering plants collected during and before the fruit became ripe.
        Flowers were collected before or immediately after bloom.
        Ripe fruit picked in the state.
        Seeds collected from perfectly ripe fruit yan g.
        Roots, rhizomes (rhizome), tubers (tuber), and bulbs (bulb) collected while the plant stops.
    WASHING AND DRYING
    Ingredients that have been collected immediately washed, preferably with running water. Once clean, can be utilized if necessary use the freshest ingredients. However, it can also be dried to be stored and used at any time when needed.
    Drying aims to reduce water levels and circumvent decomposition by fungi or bacteria. Thus, the material can be kept longer in the jar or sealed container. Dried material is also easily crushed if you want to create a powder.
    Here’s how to dry ingredients:
        Large-sized materials contain lots of water and can be cut into pieces as needed beforehand.
        Drying can be directly under the sun, or wear protective gear such as fine wire if it does not require drying too quickly.
        Drying can also be done with air the material in the shade or in the drying chamber airflow is good.
    NATURE AND CITA RASA
    In the Traditional Chinese Pharmacology known 4 types of properties and 5 kinds of herbs flavor-image, which is part of the way of traditional eastern medicine. The properties of the four kinds of medicinal plants that are cold, hot, warm, and cool. Medicinal plants that are used to heat and warm the cold syndrome treatment, such as patients who are afraid of the cold, cold hands and feet, pale tongue or slow pulse. Medicinal plants that are cold and are used for the treatment of mild heat syndrome, such as fever, thirst, dark yellow urine color, red tongue or rapid pulse.
    Five kinds of medicinal herbs taste is spicy, sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. This flavor is used for a specific purpose because in addition to dealing with an organ, also has its own properties and usability. For example, spicy flavor has spread and stimulating properties. The sweet taste of nutritious tonic and remedy. Sour taste and nutritious preserve pengelat. Mengilangkan bitter taste can be hot and humid. While saltiness soften and as a laxative. Sometimes there is also the added sixth taste, which is neutral or bargaining is efficacious as a laxative urine.
    Boiling the DRUG INGREDIENTS
    Boiling is generally performed in an earthen pot, ceramic pot, or panic emails. Ceramic pots can be purchased in traditional Chinese medicine stores. Panic of iron, aluminum or brass should not be used for boiling. This reminded because these materials can cause sediment, low drug concentration, the formation of toxic or side effects due to chemical reactions with the drug substance.
    Use clean water to boil. Fresh water should be used, unless specified otherwise. How to boil the following ingredients. Materials incorporated into the potting soil. Add water until the material completely submerged and the water level about 30 mm above it. Boiling begins when the water has been absorbed into potions ingredients.
    Perform boiling with appropriate fire-making instructions. If the flame is not specified, it is usually done boiling over high heat until the water boils. Subsequent fire reduced the cooking water to prevent overflow or dry up too quickly. However, sometimes a large fire and small fire used alone as drug baha boil. For example, tonic efficacious drugs commonly boiled with a small flame so efficacious substance can be completely removed in the cooking water. Similarly medicinal plants that contain toxins that need to be boiled with a small fire in a little time, about 3-5 hours to reduce the toxic levels. Large flame used for medicinal herb that is meant to be a quick boiling and evaporation excess of substances that are active components of plants can be prevented.
    DRINKING TIME DRUG
    If there is no user, the drug is usually taken before meals unless the drug stimulates stomach then taken after meals. Efficacious drug taken with an empty stomach tonic and sedative drugs efficacious when taken to sleep. On chronic diseases taken as regularly scheduled. Medicinal decoction can be drunk as often as need or drunk as a tea substitute.

 HOW TO TAKE DRUGS     Drug is usually taken one dose a day is divided to 2-3 times the drink. Generally drunk while warm, especially for the treatment of external syndrome. After taking the drug, wear thick clothing or a blanket to sleep so that the body remains warm and easy to perspire.
    For treatment of heat syndrome, medications taken in the cold. In contrast to the treatment of cold syndrome drug’s drunk warm. Less toxic drugs, drink little by little but often. Increase dosage gradually so that the treatment effect is achieved.
    OLD TREATMENT
    Medicinal plants are still in the form of crude drugs, treatment results seem slow, but constructive or building. This is in contrast with the results of chemical drug treatment looks fast but destructive. Therefore, a drug derived from plants are not recommended for acute infectious diseases. Medicinal plants are preferred to maintain the health and treatment of chronic diseases can not be cured with chemical drugs, or require a combination of chemical drugs with potent medicinal plant.

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